Biofertilizer
Biofertilizers are defined as preparations containing living cells or latent cells of efficient strains of microorganisms that help crop plants’ uptake of nutrients by their interactions in the rhizosphere when applied through seed or soil. They accelerate certain microbial processes in the soil which augment the extent of availability of nutrients in a form easily assimilated by plants.
Very often microorganisms are not as efficient in natural surroundings as one would expect them to be and therefore artificially multiplied cultures of efficient selected microorganisms play a vital role in accelerating the microbial processes in soil.
Use of biofertilizers is one of the important components of integrated nutrient management, as they are cost effective and renewable source of plant nutrients to supplement the chemical fertilizers for sustainable agriculture. Several microorganisms and their association with crop plants are being exploited in the production of biofertilizers. They can be grouped in different ways based on their nature and function.
S. No.
Groups
Examples
N2 fixing Biofertilizers
1.
Free-living
Azotobacter, Beijerinkia, Clostridium, Klebsiella, Anabaena, Nostoc,
2.
Symbiotic
Rhizobium, Frankia, Anabaena azollae
3.
Associative Symbiotic
Azospirillum
P Solubilizing Biofertilizers
1.
Bacteria
Bacillus megaterium var. phosphaticum, Bacillus subtilisBacillus circulans, Pseudomonas striata
2.
Fungi
Penicillium sp, Aspergillus awamori
P Mobilizing Biofertilizers
1.
Arbuscular mycorrhiza
Glomus sp.,Gigaspora sp.,Acaulospora sp., Scutellospora sp. & Sclerocystis sp.
2.
Ectomycorrhiza
Laccaria sp., Pisolithus sp., Boletus sp., Amanita sp.
3.
Ericoid mycorrhizae
Pezizella ericae
4.
Orchid mycorrhiza
Rhizoctonia solani
Biofertilizers for Micro nutrients
1.
Silicate and Zinc solubilizers
Bacillus sp.
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria
1.
Pseudomonas
Pseudomonas fluorescens
Biofertilizers are defined as preparations containing living cells or latent cells of efficient strains of microorganisms that help crop plants’ uptake of nutrients by their interactions in the rhizosphere when applied through seed or soil. They accelerate certain microbial processes in the soil which augment the extent of availability of nutrients in a form easily assimilated by plants.
Very often microorganisms are not as efficient in natural surroundings as one would expect them to be and therefore artificially multiplied cultures of efficient selected microorganisms play a vital role in accelerating the microbial processes in soil.
Use of biofertilizers is one of the important components of integrated nutrient management, as they are cost effective and renewable source of plant nutrients to supplement the chemical fertilizers for sustainable agriculture. Several microorganisms and their association with crop plants are being exploited in the production of biofertilizers. They can be grouped in different ways based on their nature and function.
S. No.
Groups
Examples
N2 fixing Biofertilizers
1.
Free-living
Azotobacter, Beijerinkia, Clostridium, Klebsiella, Anabaena, Nostoc,
2.
Symbiotic
Rhizobium, Frankia, Anabaena azollae
3.
Associative Symbiotic
Azospirillum
P Solubilizing Biofertilizers
1.
Bacteria
Bacillus megaterium var. phosphaticum, Bacillus subtilisBacillus circulans, Pseudomonas striata
2.
Fungi
Penicillium sp, Aspergillus awamori
P Mobilizing Biofertilizers
1.
Arbuscular mycorrhiza
Glomus sp.,Gigaspora sp.,Acaulospora sp., Scutellospora sp. & Sclerocystis sp.
2.
Ectomycorrhiza
Laccaria sp., Pisolithus sp., Boletus sp., Amanita sp.
3.
Ericoid mycorrhizae
Pezizella ericae
4.
Orchid mycorrhiza
Rhizoctonia solani
Biofertilizers for Micro nutrients
1.
Silicate and Zinc solubilizers
Bacillus sp.
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria
1.
Pseudomonas
Pseudomonas fluorescens
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